Mounting a Finding Aids Collection

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Main Page > Mounting Collections: Class-specific Steps > Mounting a Finding Aids Collection

This topic describes how to mount a Findaid Class collection.

Workshop materials are located here.

Contents

Overview

Examples

Overview of Data Preparation and Indexing Steps

Data Preparation

  1. [#DataPrepStep1 validating the files individually] against the EAD 2002 DTD
    make validateeach
  2. [#DataPrepStep2 concatenating the files into one larger XML file]
    make prepdocs
  3. [#DataPrepStep3 validating the concatenated file] against the dlxsead2002 DTD:
    make validate
  4. [#DataPrepStep4 "normalizing" the concatenated file.]
    make norm
  5. [#DataPrepStep5 validating the normalized concatenated file against the dlxsead2002 DTD]
    make validate

The end result of these steps is a file containing the concatenated EADs wrapped in a <COLL> element which validates against the dlxsead2002 and is ready for indexing: 

<COLL>
<ead><eadheader><eadid>1</eadid>...</eadheader>... content</ead>
<ead><eadheader><eadid>2</eadid>...</eadheader>... content</ead>
<ead><eadheader><eadid>3</eadid>...</eadheader>... content</ead>
</COLL>

WARNING! If are extra characters or some other problem with the part of the program that strips out the xml declaration and the docytype declearation the file will end up like: 


<COLL>
baddata<ead><eadheader><eadid>1</eadid>...</eadheader>... content</ead>
baddata<ead><eadheader><eadid>2</eadid>...</eadheader>... content</ead>
baddata<ead><eadheader><eadid>3</eadid>...</eadheader>... content</ead>
</COLL>

In this case you will get "character data not allowed" or similar errors during the make validate step. You can troubleshoot by looking at the concatenated file and/or checking your original EADs.

Indexing

  1. make singledd indexes words for texts that have been concatenated into on large file for a collection. This is the recommended process.
  2. make xml indexes the XML structure by reading the DTD. Validates as it indexes.
  3. make post builds and indexes fabricated regions based on the XPAT queries stored in the workshopfa.extra.srch file.

Working with the EAD

EAD 2002 DTD Overview

These instructions assume that you have already encoded your finding aids files in the XML-based EAD 2002 DTD. If you have finding aids encoded using the older EAD 1.0 standard or are using the SGML version of EAD2002, you will need to convert your files to the XML version of EAD2002. When converting from SGML to XML a number of character set issues may arise. These are pretty much the same issues that were described for text class see [../conversion/index.html Data Conversion: Unicode, XML, and Normalization] .

Resources for converting from EAD 1.0 to EAD2002 and/or from SGML EAD to XML EAD are available from:

Other good sources of information about EAD encoding practices and practical issues involved with EADs are:

The EAD standard was designed as a ´loose¡ standard in order to accommodate the large variety in local practices for paper finding aids and make it easy for archives to convert from paper to electronic form. As a result, conformance with the EAD standard still allows a great deal of variety in encoding practices.

The DLXS software is primarily designed as a system for mounting University of Michigan collections. In the case of finding aids, the software has been designed to accommodate the encoding practices of the Bentley Historical Library. The more similar your data and setup is to the Bentley’s, the easier is will be to integrate your finding aids collection with DLXS. If your practices differ significantly from the Bentley’s, you will probably need to do some preprocessing of your files and/or modifications to various files in DLXS. We have found that the largest number of issues in implementing Findaid Class for member institutions is dealing with differences in encoding practices. We will cover various issues that commonly arise.

More information on the Bentley's encoding practices and workflow:

Types of changes to accomodate differing encoding practices and/or interface changes

  • Custom preprocessing
  • Add dummy EAD to data
  • Modify prep scripts (Makefile, preparedocs.pl, validateeach.csh)
  • Modify *inp files (DOCTYPE declarations and entities)
  • Modify fabricated regions (*.extra.srch)
  • Modify CollMgr entries
  • Modify findaidclass.cfg (change table of contents sections)
  • Subclass FindaidClass.pm
  • Modify XSL
  • Modify XML templates
  • Modify CSS

Practical EAD Encoding Issues =

There are a number of encoding issues that may affect the data preparation, indexing, searching, and rendering of your finding aids. Some of them are:

  • [fc_char.html Character Encoding issues]
  • [fc_ids Attribute ids must be unique within the entire collection ]
  • If you use attribute ids and corresponding targets within your EADs preparedocs.pl may need to be modified.
  • <eadid> should be less than about 20 characters in length
  • UTF-8 Byte Order Marks (BOM) should be removed from EADs prior to concatenation
  • XML processing instructions should be removed from EADs prior to concatenation
  • Multiline DOCTYPE declarations are currently not properly handled by the data prep scripts
  • If your DOCTYPE declaration contains entitys, you need to modify the appropriate *inp files accordingly
  • Out-of-the-box <dao> handling may need to be modified for your needs
  • If your <unititle> element precedes your <origination> element in the top level <did>, you will have to modify the maintitle fabricated region query in xxx.extra.srch
  • If you have encoded <unitdate>s as siblings of <unittitle>s, you may have to modify the appropriate XSL templates
  • If you do not use a <frontmatter> element, you will have to make modifications to various files to provide an appropriate "Title Page" region based on the <eadheader>
  • If your encoding practices for <biohist> differ from the Bentley's, you may need to make changes in findaidclass.cfg or create a subclass of FindaidClass and override FindaidClass:: GetBioghistTocHead, and/or change the appropriate XSL files.
  • If you want <relatedmaterial>,<separatedmaterial> to show up in the table of contents (TOC) on the left hand side of the Finding Aids, you may have to modify findaidclass.cfg and make other modifications to the code. This also applies if there are other sections of the finding aid not listed in the out-of-the-box findaidclass.cfg %gSectHeadsHash.
  • If you want the middleware to use the <head> element for labeling sections instead of the default hard-coded values in findaidclass.cfg, you may need to make changes to the XSL and possibly modify other files.

Findaid Class Behaviors Overview

Preparing Data and Directories

Character Issues

Encoding Issues

Validating and Normalizing Your Data

Data Preparation

For today, we are going to be working with some texts that are already in Findaid Class. We will be building them into a collection we are going to call workshopfa.

This documentation will make use of the concept of the $[../overview/dirstructure.html DLXSROOT], which is the place at which your DLXS directory structure starts. We generally use /l1/, but for the workshop, we each have our own $DLXSROOT in the form of /l1/workshop/userX/dlxs/. To check your $DLXSROOT, type the following commands at the command prompt:

cd $DLXSROOT
pwd

The prep directory under $DLXSROOT is the space for you to take your encoded finding aids and "package them up" for use with the DLXS middleware. Create your basic directory $DLXSROOT/prep/w/workshopfa and its data subdirectory with the following command:

mkdir -p $DLXSROOT/prep/w/workshopfa/data

Move into the prep directory with the following command:

cd $DLXSROOT/prep/w/workshopfa

This will be your staging area for all the things you will be doing to your texts, and ultimately to your collection. At present, all it contains is the data subdirectory you created a moment ago. We will be populating it further over the course of the next two days. Unlike the contents of other collection-specific directories, everything in prep should be ultimately expendable in the production environment.

Copy the necessary files into your data directory with the following commands:

cp $DLXSROOT/prep/s/samplefa/data/*.xml $DLXSROOT/prep/w/workshopfa/data/.

We'll also need a few files to get us started working. They will need to be copied over as well, and also have paths adapted and collection identifiers changed. Follow these commands:

cp $DLXSROOT/prep/s/samplefa/validateeach.csh $DLXSROOT/prep/w/workshopfa/. cp $DLXSROOT/prep/s/samplefa/samplefa.xml.inp $DLXSROOT/prep/w/workshopfa/workshopfa.xml.inp cp $DLXSROOT/prep/s/samplefa/samplefa.text.inp $DLXSROOT/prep/w/workshopfa/workshopfa.text.inp mkdir -p $DLXSROOT/obj/w/workshopfa mkdir -p $DLXSROOT/bin/w/workshopfa cp $DLXSROOT/bin/s/samplefa/preparedocs.pl $DLXSROOT/bin/w/workshopfa/. cp $DLXSROOT/bin/s/samplefa/Makefile $DLXSROOT/bin/w/workshopfa/Makefile

Now you'll need to edit these files to ensure that the paths match your $DLXSROOT and that the collection name is workshopfa instead of samplefa.

STOP!! Make sure you edit the files before going to the next steps!!

Make sure you change these files:

  • $DLXSROOT/prep/w/workshopfa/validateeach.csh
  • $DLXSROOT/bin/w/workshopfa/Makefile (see below for details)

You can run this command to check to see if you forgot to change samplefa to workshopfa: 

grep "samplefa" $DLXSROOT/bin/w/workshopfa/* $DLXSROOT/prep/w/workshopfa/* |grep -v "#"

With the ready-to-go ead2002 encoded finding aids files in the data directory, we are ready to begin the preparation process. This will include:

  1. [#DataPrepStep1 validating the files individually] against the EAD 2002 DTD
  2. [#DataPrepStep2 concatenating the files into one larger XML file]
  3. [#DataPrepStep3 validating the concatenated file] against the dlxsead2002 DTD
  4. [#DataPrepStep4 "normalizing" the concatenated file.]
  5. [#DataPrepStep5 validating the normalized concatenated file against the dlxsead2002 DTD]

These steps are generally handled via the Makefile in $DLXSROOT/bin/s/samplefa which we have copied to $DLXSROOT/bin/w/workshopfa. To see the Makefile and how it is used, [makefile.html click here].

Make sure you changed your copy of the Makefile to reflect

/w/workshopfa instead of /s/samplefa. You will want to change lines 2 and 3 accordingly 


   1  
   2  NAMEPREFIX = samplefa
   3  FIRSTLETTERSUBDIR = s

Tip: Be sure not to add any space after the workshopfa or w. The Makefile ignores space immediately before and after the equals sign but treats all other space as part of the string. I you accidentally put a space after the FIRSTLETTERSUBDIR = s , you will get an error like "[validateeach] Error 127" If you look closely at the first line of what the Makefile reported to standard output (see below) you will see that instead of running the command: 

/l1/workshop/tburtonw/dlxs/prep/w/workshopfa/validateeach.csh

which just calls the validateeach c-shell script

it tried to run a directory name: "/l1/workshop/tburtonw/dlxs/prep/w" with the argument "/workshopfa/validateeach.csh" which does not make sense 

 % make validateeach
/l1/workshop/tburtonw/dlxs/prep/w /workshopfa/validateeach.csh
make: execvp: /l1/workshop/tburtonw/dlxs/prep/w: Permission denied
make: [validateeach] Error 127 (ignored)

Further note on editing the Makefile: If you modify or write your own Make targets, you need to make sure that a real "tab" starts each command line rather than spaces. The easiest way to check for these kinds of errors is to use "cat -vet Makefile" to show all spaces, tabs and newlines.

If you are doing this at your home institution you will also want to make sure you change $DLXSROOT, and the locations of the various binaries to match your installation. We will not need to do this for the workshop.

These changes do not apply for the workshop

  • Change $DLXSROOT /l1/dev/userxx to your $DLXSROOT on every line that uses it
  • Change XPATBINDIR = /l/local/bin/ to the location of the xpat binary in your installation
  • Change the location of the osx binary from 
OSX = /l/local/bin/osx
to the location in your installation
  • Change the location of the osgmlnorm binary from 
OSGMLNORM = /l/local/bin/osgmlnorm
to the location in your installation

Tip: oxs and osgmlnorm are installed as part of the OpenSP package. If you are using linux, make sure that the OpenSP package for your version of linux is installed and make sure the paths above are changed to match your installation. If you are using Solaris you will have to install (and possibly compile) OpenSP. You may also need to make sure the $LD_LIBRARY_PATH environment variable is set so that the OpenSP programs can find the required libraries. For troubleshooting such problems the unix ldd utility is invaluble. [../troubleshooting/tools.html Information on OpenSP]

Step 1: Validating the files individually against the EAD 2002 DTD

cd $DLXSROOT/bin/w/workshopfa make validateeach The Makefile runs the following command: % /l1/workshop/userXX/dlxs/prep/w/workshopfa/validateeach.csh

What's happening: The makefile is running the c-shell script [validateeach.html validateeach.sh] in the prep directory. The script creates a temporary file without the public DOCTYPE declaration, runs onsgmls on each of the resulting XML files in the data subdirectory to make sure they conform with the EAD 2002 DTD. If validation errors occur, error files will be in the data subdirectory with the same name as the finding aids file but with an extension of .err. If there are validation errors, fix the problems in the source XML files and re-run.

Check the error files by running the following commands

ls -l $DLXSROOT/prep/w/workshopfa/data/*err if there are any *err files, you can look at them with the following command: 
 less  $DLXSROOT/prep/w/workshopfa/data/*err

There are not likely to be any errors with the workshopfa data, but tell the instructor if there are.

Step 2: Concatentating the files into one larger XML file (and running some preprocessing commands)

cd $DLXSROOT/bin/w/workshopfa make prepdocs 
The Makefile runs the following command:
$DLXSROOT/bin/w/workshopfa/preparedocs.pl $DLXSROOT/prep/w/workshopfa/data $DLXSROOT/obj/w/workshopfa/workshopfa.xml $DLXSROOT/prep/w/workshopfa/logfile.txt
This runs the preparedocs.pl script on all the files in the specified data directory and writes the output to the workshopfa.xml file in the appropriate /obj subdirectory. It also outputs a logfile to the /prep directory:

The Perl script does two sets of things:

  1. Concatenates all the files
  2. Runs a number of preprocessing steps on all the files

Concatenating the files

The script finds all XML files in the data subdirectory,and then strips off and xml declaration and doctype declaration from each file before concatenating them together. It also wraps the concatenated EADs in a <COLL> tag . The end result looks like: 


<COLL>
<ead><eadheader><eadid>1</eadid>...</eadheader>... content</ead>
<ead><eadheader><eadid>2</eadid>...</eadheader>... content</ead>
<ead><eadheader><eadid>3</eadid>...</eadheader>... content</ead>
</COLL>

WARNING! If are extra characters or some other problem with the part of the program that strips out the xml declaration and the docytype declearation the file will end up like: 


<COLL>
baddata<ead><eadheader><eadid>1</eadid>...</eadheader>... content</ead>
baddata<ead><eadheader><eadid>2</eadid>...</eadheader>... content</ead>
baddata<ead><eadheader><eadid>3</eadid>...</eadheader>... content</ead>
</COLL>

This will cause the document to be invalid since the dlxsead2002.dtd does not allow anything between the closing tag of one </ead> and the opening tag of the next one <ead>

Some of the possible causes of such a problem are:

  • UTF-8 Byte Order Marks at the beginning of the file
  • DOCTYPE declaration on more than one line
  • XML processing instructions

Preprocessing steps

The perl program also does some preprocessing on all the files. These steps are customized to the needs of the Bentley. You should look at the perl code and modify it so it is appropriate for your encoding practices.

The preprocessing steps are:

  • finds all id attributes and prepends a number to them
  • adds a prefix string "dao-bhl" to all DAO links (You probably will want to change this)
  • removes empty persname, corpname, and famname elements

The output of the combined concatenation and preprocessing steps will be the one collection named xml file which is deposited into the obj subdirectory.

If your collections need to be transformed in any way, or if you do not want the transformations to take place (the DAO changes, for example), edit preparedocs.pl file to effect the changes. Some changes you may want to make include:

  • Changing the algorithm used to make id attibute unique. For example if your encoding practices use id attributes and targets, the out-of-the-box algorithm will remove the relationship between the attributes and targets. One possible modification might be to modify the algorithm to prepend the eadid or filename to all id and target attributes.
  • Modifying the program to read a list of files or list of eadids so that the files are concatenated in a particular order. The default sort order for search results is in occurance order, which translates to the order in which the eads are concatenated. If you write a script which looks at the eads for some element that you want to sort by and then outputs a list of filenames sorted by that order, you could then pass that file to a modified preparedocs.pl so it would concatenate the files in the order listed.

Step 3: Validating the concatenated file against the dlxsead2002 DTD

make validate The Makefile runs the following command: onsgmls -wxml -s -f $DLXSROOT/prep/w/workshopfa/workshopfa.errors $DLXSROOT/misc/sgml/xml.dcl $DLXSROOT/prep/w/workshopfa/workshopfa.xml.inp $DLXSROOT/obj/w/workshopfa/workshopfa.xml

This runs the onsgmls command against the concatenated file using the dlxs2002dtd, and writes any errors to the workshopfa.errors file in the appropriate subdirectory in $DLXSROOT/prep/c/collection.. [validate.html More details]

Note that we are running this using workshopfa.xml.inp not workshop.text.inp. The workshopfa.xml.inp file points to $DLXSROOT/misc/sgml/dlxsead2002.ead which is the dlxsead2002 DTD. The dlxsead2002 DTDis exactly the same as the EAD2002 DTD, but adds a wrapping element, <COLL>, to be able to combine more than one ead element, more than one finding aid, into one file. The larger file will be indexed with XPAT tomorrow. It is, of course, a good idea to validate the file now before going further.

Check for errors by looking for the file $DLXSROOT/prep/w/workshopfa/workshopfa.errors which will be present and contain messages about what caused the file to be considered invalid if there are errors.

If you see errors at this point (assuming there were no errors during the validateeach step) is that there was a problem with the preparedocs.pl processing. Some common causes of problems are:

  • The DOCTYPE declaration did not get completely removed. (The current scripts don't always remove multiline DOCTYPE declearations)
  • There was a UTF-8 Byte Order Mark at the begginning of one or more of the concatenated files

Run the following command

ls -l $DLXSROOT/prep/w/workshopfa/workshopfa.errors

If there is a workshopfa.errors file then run the following command to look at the errors reported

less $DLXSROOT/prep/w/workshopfa/workshopfa.errors $ less $DLXSROOT/prep/w/workshopfa/workshopfa.errors
onsgmls:/l1/dev/tburtonw/misc/sgml/xml.dcl:1:W: SGML declaration was not implied
The above error can be ignored, but if you see any other errors STOP! You need to determine the cause of the problem, fix it, and rerun the steps until there are no errors from make validate. If you continue with the next steps in the process with an invalid xml document, the errors will compound and it will be very difficult to trace the cause of the problem. Note: To avoid seeing this error add the "-w no-explicit-sgml-decl" flag to the Makefile on line 83. Change line 83 of the Makefile from
onsgmls -wxml -s -f $(PREPDIR)$(NAMEPREFIX).errors $(XMLDECL) $(XMLDOCTYPE) $(XMLFILE)
to 
onsgmls -wxml -w no-explicit-sgml-decl -s -f $(PREPDIR)$(NAMEPREFIX).errors $(XMLDECL) $(XMLDOCTYPE) $(XMLFILE)

This will be fixed in the next release of DLXS Findaid Class.

Step 4: Normalizing the concatenated file

make norm The Makefile runs a series of copy statements and two main commands: 1.) /l/local/bin/osgmlnorm -f $DLXSROOT/prep/s/samplefa/samplefa.errors $DLXSROOT/misc/sgml/xml.dcl $DLXSROOT$DLXSROOT/prep/s/samplefa/samplefa.xml.inp $DLXSROOT/obj/s/samplefa/samplefa.xml.prenorm > /l1/dev/tburtonw/obj/s/samplefa/samplefa.xml.postnorm 2.) /l/local/bin/osx -bUTF-8 -xlower -xempty -xno-nl-in-tag -f /l1/dev/tburtonw/prep/s/samplefa/samplefa.errors /l1/dev/tburtonw/misc/sgml/xml.dcl /l1/dev/tburtonw/prep/s/samplefa/samplefa.xml.inp /l1/dev/tburtonw/obj/s/samplefa/samplefa.xml.postnorm > /l1/dev/tburtonw/obj/s/samplefa/samplefa.xml.postnorm.osx

These commands ensure that your collection data is normalized. What this means is that any attributes are put in the order in which they were defined in the DTD. Even though your collection data is XML and attribute order should be irrelevant (according to the XML specification), due to a bug in one of the supporting libraries used by xmlrgn (part of the indexing software), attributes must appear in the order that they are definded in the DTD. If you have "out-of-order" attributes and don't run make norm, you will get "invalid endpoints" errors during the make post step.

Step one, which normalizes the document writes its errors to $DLXSROOT/prep/s/samplefa/samplefa.errors. Be sure to check this file.

Step 2, which runs osx to convert the normalized document back into XML produces lots of error messages which are written to standard output. These are caused because we are using an XML DTD (the EAD 2002 DTD) and osx is using it to validate against the SGML document created by the osgmlnorm step. These are the only errors which may generally be ignored. However, if the next recommended step, which is to run "make validate" again reveals an invalid document, you may want to rerun osx and look at the errors for clues. (Only do this if you are sure that the problem is not being caused by XML processing instructions in the documents as explained below)

Step 5: Validating the normalized file against the dlxsead2002 DTD

make validate

We run this step again to make sure that the normalization process did not produce an invalid document. This is necessary because under some circumstances the "make norm" step can result in invalid XML. One known cause of this is the presense of XML processing instructions. For example: "<?Pub Caret1?>". Although XML processing instructions are supposed to be ignored by any XML application that does not understand them, the problem is that when we use sgmlnorm and osx, which are SGML tools, they end up munging the output XML. The recommended workaround is to add a preprocessing step to remove any XML processing instructions from your EADs before you run "make prepdocs", or to include some code in preparedocs.pl that will strip out XML priocessing instructions prior to concatenating the EADs.

Building the Index

Working with Fabricated Regions

Modifying Findaid Class Files

Mounting the Collection Online

Troubleshooting

Linking from Finding Aids Using ID Resolver

Workshop materials

Working with the User Interface

Findaid Class Graphics Files

Findaid Class Processing Instructions

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