Fiftieth Lighthouse Expedition

From lighthouses

Jump to: navigation, search

Contents

[edit] July 11 - 26, 2009 -- Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island

Once we announced our plans for a trip to Nova Scotia this year, our son, David, asked if he could join us. David hasn't been on a lighthouse trip with us since our Maiden Voyage in 1986 when he was a teenager. David is the one who originally created the lighthouse web site for us as a project while working on his master's degree at the University of Michigan. David is currently the Librarian for the School of Electrical Engineering and the Web & Reference Service Coordinator for the Art, Architecture & Engineering Library at U of M. He became the navigator on this trip and we really enjoyed his company.

[edit] July 11, 2009, Saturday

7:50 am

We left home and it started to rain just as we pulled out of the driveway.

9:00 am

We could see the Fort Gratiot Lighthouse from the Blue Water Bridge from Port Huron, MI to Sarnia, Ontario, Canada.

9:05 am

We passed through customs in Sarnia and stopped at the Welcome Center and for coffee at Tim Horton's. We drove across Ontario in pouring rain.

12:25 pm

We crossed back into the US at the Lewiston Bridge in New York.

1:05 pm

We were finally through customs – 41 minutes!

1:10 pm

We stopped at a Wendy's for lunch and left at 1:35.

2:00 pm

We reached the I-90 toll road in NY. We stopped for gas shortly after and made two other short stops along the toll road. It rained the whole way.

6:20 pm

We left the toll road in Albany, NY and arrived at the Fairfield Inn about 5 minutes later.

7:00 pm

We had dinner at a Friendly's Restaurant near the Fairfield and returned there about an hour later.
David won the card game of golf that night.

[edit] July 12, 2009, Sunday

8:40 am

We left the Fairfield Inn in Albany, NY. We stopped for gas shortly after.

9:25 am

We reached the NY/MA state line. We had a couple of stops along the way.

12:00 pm

We stopped for lunch at McDonald's in Haverhill, MA and left about ½ hour later.

12:45 pm

We crossed the MA/NH state line.

1:00 pm

We crossed the NH/ME state line. We had a short stop a few minutes later.

1:45 pm

We left the toll road and arrived in Portland, ME

2:00 pm

We arrived at the Portland Head Light. This is the third visit for Don and Diana and the second for David. It was a beautiful sunny day and there were many visitors at the lighthouse. Out in the bay we could see the Ram Island Ledge Light. We left about 45 minutes later.

3:15 pm

We arrived in Freeport, ME for some shopping. We left at 4:25.

6:10 pm

We arrived at the Fairfield Inn in Bangor, ME

6:30 pm

We crossed the Penobscot River and went to dinner at the Muddy Rudder in Brewer, ME. We had a good view of the river and enjoyed a wonderful seafood dinner. We left and stopped for gas.

8:00 pm

We arrived back at the Fairfield. Dave won at golf, again.

[edit] July 13, 2009, Monday

8:15 am

We left the Fairfield Inn in Bangor, ME. As we were checking out we met a couple from Toronto, Kenny and Tisha, who are also on their way to New Brunswick and Nova Scotia.

8:55 am

We stopped in Ellsworth for some snacks.

9:10 am

We left and could see Cadillac Mountain in Acadia National Park. We stopped to take a few pictures east of Hancock.

9:45 am

We spotted Prospect Harbor Lighthouse across the harbor on Hwy 186 and took some pictures.

9:50 am

We arrived at the Naval Satellite Facility Operations building. The lighthouse is located on their property. Don got permission to walk along the rocks to take pictures of Prospect Harbor LH. This light would be better viewed later in the day with the sun shinning on it from the west. We left at 10:10.

11:45 am

We arrived at West Quoddy Head Lighthouse near Lubec, ME. This light is located at the eastern most point in the United States. We met a group of very serious bikers from Boston on a 70 mile day trip in the area. They are members of the Charles River Wheelman. You can visit their website at crw.org. Everett and Hollie, from the group, planned their trip. This light is the typical red and white barber pole with an attached keeper's dwelling. The original light was built in 1808 and the current structure in 1810. The "west" in West Quoddy refers to its location west of the East Quoddy Head Light in nearby New Brunswick, Canada. We had our picture taken at the monument marking the spot as the Eastern most location in the US. We left at 12:20 pm. The weather is sunny and it's a nice warm day.

12:30 pm

We stopped to take pictures of the Lubec Channel Light and found a side road to get additional snapshots.

12:40 pm

We stopped for gas in Lubec, ME, the eastern most town in the US.

12:45 pm

We crossed the US/Canadian border at Campobello Island. We could see Mulholland Point Light from the customs booth as we entered New Brunswick. It is currently under repair.

2:00 pm

Only 15 minutes have passed, but we are now on Atlantic Time. We changed our watches and clock in the car. We had lunch at the Family Fisheries restaurant and left about 40 minutes later.

2:45 pm

We arrived at the Head Harbour Light, also known as East Quoddy Light. It has a large St. George's Cross painted in red on the front of the tower which is attached to a keeper's dwelling. The tide was coming in and we could not go to the island to tour the light. There is only about a two hours "window" each day to get there. A nice gentleman in the parking lot told us to take the path to the left to get good pictures of the light. He was right! This light is one of the oldest wooden towers still in service in Canada. Construction was completed in 1831. Left at 2:55.

3:10 pm

We arrived at the ferry "dock." This was really just a dirt path from the road to the water. The ferry only runs every 50 minutes. We should have skipped lunch and waited until after we took the ferry, as we lost 50 minutes waiting there. Quite a group gathered at this spot in the road and not everyone made it onto the ferry. We were glad we were first in line! We met a couple who are graduates of the University of Michigan. They are retired and currently live in Colorado. They are also on their way to Nova Scotia.

4:00 pm

We got on the ferry and it left about 5 minutes later. Cost was $24.00 for the 20 minutes crossing. (All dollar amounts mentioned while we are in Canada will be Canadian dollars.)

4:25 pm

We docked on Deer Island. We crossed the 45th parallel. It was sunny and beautiful on the ferry, but it started to rain as we docked. We drove across Deer Island to the next ferry dock.

5:00 pm

We got onto the ferry. We took pictures from the ferry of the Letete Passage Lighthouse, which is also know as Green's Point Lighthouse.

5:25 pm

The ferry docked at Letete, New Brunswick and the sun came out. Then we drove to the lighthouse.

5:30 pm

We arrived at Letete Passage Lighthouse. There is an interpretive center, but unfortunately we couldn't take the time to visit as it was late. It had stopped raining by this time. We walked the short distance from the parking area to the lighthouse. There is a helicopter pad at this lighthouse. It is in a beautiful location with many little islands in the area. We could see the ferry making a return trip across the bay. Left at 5:40.

6:00-7:00 pm

We tried to find the Musquash Head Lighthouse. We drove down many bad roads and found our way to a power plant. However, when we finally were able to ask a "local" we were told to drive to a gate (down another bad road) and walk about 30-40 minutes down a path to see the light. It was late and we decided to skip it and go on to Saint John. All in all, it was a very frustrating experience.

7:40 pm

We arrived at the Country Inn and Suites in Saint John, New Brunswick.

8:00 pm

We left for downtown Saint John and arrived at Market Square.

8:05 pm

We could see the Saint John Harbour Light from Market Square and also the Digby Pier Light that had been moved to the Square from Digby Pier in Nova Scotia.

8:30 pm

We had dinner at the Boiler Works restaurant in Market Square. We left at 9:15 and returned to the Country Inn and Suites.

[edit] July 14, 2009, Tuesday

8:20 am

We left the Country Inn and Suites in Saint John, NB.

8:45 am

We had a 10-minute stop. The New Brunswick countryside is very pretty with rolling farmland and rock cutouts along the highway – a reminder of driving through Tennessee in the US.

10:40 am

We crossed from New Brunswick into Nova Scotia and stopped at the Welcome Center. There was a bag piper to greet us. We purchased a few gifts and post cards in their gift shop.

11:00 am

We stopped at a bank in Amherst to exchange US dollars into Canadian. $500 USD = $555 CAD. We went to the nearby Wal-Mart for a few items and had lunch at the McDonald's inside Wal-Mart.

11:50 am

We left and traveled south along a winding road and finally saw water – the Minas Channel.

1:15 pm

We arrived at the Cape d'Or Lighthouse. We walked down a steep hill to get to the tower (not very impressive). There is a café and guest rooms that are located in the renovated keepers' dwellings. While the light tower is not very impressive, the other buildings and the view are. We left at 2:00.

2:10 pm

We arrived at Spencer's Island Light - a little white tower at a public beach. Diana climbed the tower. We each enjoyed an ice cream cone from the nearby restaurant. Left at 2:30.

3:00 pm

We stopped for gas. We experienced some rain showers near Halifax but then they stopped.

6:00 pm

We arrived at Peggy's Cove and were very disappointed to find the Peggy's Point Lighthouse surrounded in scaffolding! They had been painting for the past few days and thought they would be finished in a couple more. We were so disappointed. This is one of the better known and most photographed lights in NS. The town of Peggy's Cove is a picture perfect spot and the light is located on a beautiful rocky point. We took lots of pictures. All three of us climbed all over the rocks to get the "best" views - hard to do with the scaffolding. Just as we were ready to leave, the sun came out and more pictures were taken. Diana visited the gift shops and found some unusual items.

6:45 pm

We left and followed the winding road north toward Halifax.

6:55 pm

We had dinner at Shaw's landing in West Dover.

7:45 pm

We left and took pictures of a little faux light along the road.

8:25 pm

We arrived at the Sheridan Four Points Hotel in downtown, just one block from the harbor. We would be staying at the Four Points the next three nights.

[edit] July 15, 2009, Wednesday

8:10 am

We walked across the street from the Four Points Hotel and had breakfast in the Crown Diner. We returned to the hotel to gather our cameras and other items we would need for the day.

9:20 am

We left the hotel and walked to the Old English Burial ground one block behind our hotel. Diana had been doing some investigating prior to the trip and in some genealogy books, found that her 5th great-grandparents were buried in Halifax. She had contacted St. Paul's Church, who maintains the cemetery, prior to the trip and found the gravesites were accessible and the headstones recognizable. Simon Giffin (born 1711 in Northern Ireland, died September 9, 1774 at age 63 in Halifax), and his wife Jenet Lechman (b. 1718 and died December 27, 1752 at age 34) were married in Boston on December 24, 1739. He immigrated to Halifax from Scotland. Diana's line continues through their son, Simon Giffin, Jr., a revolutionary war soldier. It was amazing and rewarding to find the graves and the headstone. Diana realized afterwards that she is the same age now that Simon Giffin was when he died. After cleaning off some of the moss and taking a few pictures, we left about 9:45 am.

10:00 am

We walked up the steep hills of Halifax and arrived at the Citadel. The present fortress was completed in 1856 and is the fourth in a series of forts since 1749 to occupy the hill overlooking the harbor. It is an excellent example of a 19th-century bastion fortification complete with defensive ditch, ramparts, musketry gallery, powder magazine and signal masts. Although never attacked, the British Army garrisoned the fort until 1906 and by Canadian Forces during the First and Second World Wars. The Halifax Citadel has been commemorated as a nationally significant symbol of Halifax's role as a principal naval station in the British Empire and of the city's importance to Canada's development and evolution from colony to nation. The Halifax Citadel was designated as a National Historic Site in 1951. We toured the fortress, observed the changing of the guard, saw a reenactment of a regiment doing their drills (dressed in kilts) and the loading of the canon that is shot off at noon every day.

11:00 am

We walked down the hill from the Citadel to St. Paul's Anglican Church. There was a communion service taking place, so we decided to return later.

12:00 pm

We had lunch at an outside café along the waterfront.

12:30 pm

We walked back to St. Paul's Anglican Church. Diana had been corresponding with Jan Skinner, the parish administrator, to get information about her ancestor, Simon Giffin. His funeral service was held in this church in 1774. We were able to take pictures of the many stained glass windows and artifacts inside the sanctuary – including many tablets depicting men and women from the city's past. St. Paul's is the oldest Protestant place of worship in Canada. Founded by proclamation of King George II in 1749, the building was erected in the summer of 1750 and first opened its doors for services on 2nd September of that year. It has been designated as a National Historic Site, and is a registered heritage property with the Province of Nova Scotia and the Halifax Regional Municipality. It is located at one end of a beautiful city park. The church was one of the few buildings left standing following a maritime disaster on December 6, 1917. Two ships collided in the harbor and a munitions ship exploded and leveled the north end of the city killing more than 2,000 people.

1:00 pm

We left St. Paul's and walked to the Art Gallery of Nova Scotia located in the Old Dominion Building. The gallery showcases historical and contemporary works by international, national and Nova Scotia Artists. One of the current exhibits is that of Maud Lewis, a contemporary folk artist. Another exhibit of interest was "Sometimes Always" - that utilized a range of discontinued audio formats such as cassette players, reel-to-reel recorders, 8 track players and record turntables. These outmoded devices are transformed, showing a range of musical genres and approaches, including Dada, punk, electro and DIY cultures. Many of these “lo-tech” instruments are discarded in favor of today’s rapidly fluctuating digital technologies. However, the display was a fun nostalgic journey into the past.

1:50 pm

We left the Art Gallery and returned to the hotel to get the car.

2:05 pm

We drove to Pier 21 to get pictures of the Georges Island Light located in Halifax Harbor. While the light is visible from many places along the pier, this is the place closest to the light. From there it was a short drive to Tobin Street, the area of the city where Simon Giffin owned property. We drove around the block but it was hard to envision what the area might have looked like back in the mid 1700's.

2:45 pm

We arrived at the Nova Scotia Records Management and Archives. David helped Diana find Simon Giffin's will on the microfiche and we made a copy. While the text is printed in the book, Simon Giffin and His Descendants, it was rewarding to have a copy of the original. While we were there, another woman, Martha Morris from Toronto, who was doing research on her great grandfather, overheard Diana mention Simon Giffin's name. She is also a descendant of Simon Giffin and was delighted to know about the book. In it she found her great grandfather's name and information printed. Diana and Martha discovered they were "cousins." She was delighted to find the archives had a copy that she could use to do further research. The fact that they were both in the Archive building at the same time inquiring about the same ancestors was quite a coincidence! We left at 3:30 and returned to the hotel.

5:30 pm

We took more pictures of St. Paul's church and the clock tower near the Citadel as we walked to the Little Fish for dinner. We enjoyed a wonderful fish dinner served by a delightful waiter, Duncan.

6:30 pm

We left the restaurant and walked to the harbor and saw one of the Tall Ships sailing into the harbor for the Tall Ships Festival. We also took more pictures of the Georges Island Lighthouse. We could also see the Maugher Beach Lighthouse (pronounced "Major Beach") off in the distance. We enjoyed walking along the pier and viewing many of the other ships that have arrived for the festival. We also enjoyed some hand-paddled ice cream before returning to the hotel at 8:30 pm. According the pedometer, we walked over 8 miles in Halifax today!

[edit] July 16, 2009, Thursday

7:00 am

We had breakfast at the Cabin Coffee Café across the street from the hotel.

8:00 am

It was a sunny morning and we left the hotel and headed west along the southern shore of Nova Scotia. We had a couple of stops before arriving at our first lighthouse.

10:00 am

We arrived at the Fort Point Lighthouse in Liverpool. There was a young lady dressed in a period costume inside the gift shop. The light is located in the Fort Point Lighthouse Park surrounded with beautiful landscaping, flowers and rose garden. The tower, which is attached to the keeper's dwelling, is one that you can climb to see the beautiful view. This light was built in 1855. We left at 10:20.

10:30 am

We arrived at Western Head Lighthouse at the entrance to Liverpool Harbor. This is a fairly new lighthouse as it was built in 1962. The compound originally had a residence and service buildings along with a radio tower. The residence is now gone and a bank of electronic foghorns and the radio tower are still present. Left at 10:45.

11:45 am

We stopped for gas in Shelburne.

11:55 am

We drove to the harbor area in Shelburne. There were several people setting up booths and tents for their founder's festival to take place on the weekend. We got hot dogs and brats for lunch from a street-side vendor. We left at 12:00.

12:40 pm

We arrived at the Barrington Lighthouse, which is the Seal Island Light Museum. The lantern house of the Seal Island light is located here. The fee to enter the museum is $3.00.

1:35 pm

We arrived at the Lake Ellenwood Provincial Park. We were met at the gate by park attendant, Holly Raynard. She was delighted when we told her the park was named for ancestors of our next-door neighbor, John Ellenwood. When John found out we were going to Nova Scotia, he told us about the park and we told him we would visit the park and take pictures for him. It is a beautiful park with a lovely beach with a lifeguard on duty. We enjoyed the beautiful scenery and the quiet atmosphere of the park. We left the park at 2:00.

2:52 pm

We arrived at the Gilbert's Cove Lighthouse located on St. Mary's Bay. Built in 1904, it is now a Nova Scotia heritage property with a museum and tearoom situated in a small park. The tower and lantern room are located in the center of what was once the keepers dwelling. The gift shop sells craft items by local artists. The park closes in mid September. We left at 3:15 and had a short stop along our way to Lunenburg.

5:45 pm

We had another fine dinner at the Old Fish Factory in Lunenburg. After dinner we took a short walk to view the harbor and the colorfully painted houses which make this a very picturesque town.

7:00 pm

We left Lunenburg and stopped along Mahone Bay to take several pictures. We could see the Battery Point Breakwater Light out in the water.

8:30 pm

We arrived back at the Four Points Hotel in Halifax.

8:45 pm

We walked down to the wharf. There are lots more people in town for the Tall Ships festival that will take place this weekend. Many more tall ships have arrived since last evening. Much to our delight, there was a fireworks display at dusk. We did some souvenir shopping including a Tall Ships Festival t-shirt for our grandson, Hayden.

10:00 pm

We returned to our room at the Four Points Hotel.

[edit] July 17, 2009. Friday

7:10 am

We slept in a little this morning and got some of our packing done as we are leaving Halifax today.

7:45 am

Diana returned to the Old English Burial Grounds to clean more moss off Simon Giffin's head stone in hopes of getting some better pictures. While she was gone, Don called the restaurant at Peggy's Cove and found out the scaffolding had been removed! We will head that direction later this morning.

8:30 am

We left the hotel and walked back to the wharf area so see more of the ships and take pictures during daylight. We were able to see the tall ship, Eagle, come into the harbor. The Eagle was included in the reparations paid to the US following WW II. She became an American Coast Guard training ship in 1946. The Coast Guard Academy Cadets have the opportunity to apply seamanship theory learned in class to real life situations while aboard the Eagle. Her homeport is New London, CT. She is Class A with a 3-masted Barque Rig. Her cruising waters are the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans and the Caribbean Sea. There was a sense of patriotic pride as she arrived in port with a big gold eagle as her figurehead.

9:15 am

We had breakfast at the Cabin Coffee Café.

10:00 am

We went back to the wharf thinking we could now board some of the ships. However the cost for a pass was $10.00 a person and we didn't have enough time to make that worthwhile. David and Don purchased Tall Ship t-shirts.

10:30 am

We returned to the hotel and finished our packing.

11:00 am

We checked out of the hotel. This was a beautiful hotel and in a perfect location in the city for touring the historical areas, museums and the harbor. We would highly recommend a stay at the Sheridan Four Points!

11:20 am

After stopping for gas we were on our way once again to Peggy's Cove (the opposite direction of our intended travels for the day).

12:10 pm

We arrived at Peggy's Cove. It was cloudy, but the scaffolding was GONE! We purchased some more gifts and took lots more pictures of the Peggy's Point Lighthouse. However, these will be much more satisfactory than those we took on Tuesday.

1:00 pm

We left Peggy's Cove and stopped for lunch at an Arby's about 40 minutes later. We left at 2:15.

3:30 pm

We stopped for ice cream at a Dairy Queen. Our first of the trip!

4:10 pm

One of Diana's requests on this trip was to do a zip line that she found mentioned in a travel guide. We found the Anchors Above Zipline Adventures located on MacGrath's Mountain Rd. near French River in Pictou County. While David and Don were not interested in this adventure, Diana was ready and willing. There were two zip lines. The first was 1,100 feet long and 240 feet high dropping approximately the height of a six-story building. This first line was the site seeing part of the trip. The view was beautiful and she could see for miles. The second line was 900 feet long with a steeper drop equivalent to the height of a ten-story building and starting 190 feet off the ground. This was the thrill ride part of the trip! Don and David took pictures and video as proof "she really did it." It was an exciting adventure. She only wishes she had done it a second time! We left at 5:00.

5:40 pm

Stopped for gas.

6:10 pm

We arrived at the Maritime Inn in Port Hawksbury, on Cape Breton Island.

7:00 pm

We walked to the nearby China King Restaurant and enjoyed their China Buffet.

8:00 pm

We returned to the Maritime Inn.

[edit] July 18, 2009, Saturday

8:00 am

We woke up to fog! Don called the whale-watching captain in Pleasant Bay and we were able to change our reservations until tomorrow.

8:45 am

We left the Maritime Inn in Port Hawksbury and had breakfast across the street at Tim Horton's. Left at 9:05.

9:40 am

We had a short stop to buy cookies. We drove inland along the shore of Bras d'Or Lake – a very large body of water in the middle of Cape Breton Island. It wasn't as foggy inland. We stopped several times to take pictures.

10:40 am

Another short stop for muffins. We must be hungry today!

11:25 am

We arrived in the town of Louisbourg and took some pictures.

11:30 am

We spotted the Louisbourg Lighthouse along the very foggy coast. We were disappointed as we were sure we were missing some beautiful scenery along the coastline. Left at 11:45.

11:55 am

We arrived at the visitors center for the Fortress of Louisbourg. The French came to Louisbourg in 1713 following territorial losses to the English in Newfoundland and Nova Scotia in the War of Spanish Succession. Based on a thriving fishing industry and trade, Louisbourg quickly became France's most important stronghold and seaport in what is now Atlantic Canada. Today the Fortress of Louisbourg is a national historical site and the largest reconstructed 18th century town in North America.

12:00 pm

We took the bus from the visitor's center to the fortress. When we arrived at the fort, we took a short walking tour with a guide and enjoyed the costumed interpreters as they reenacted life in the year 1744 - including the very loud firing of the canons. We purchased some gifts and had sandwiches for lunch in the Destouches House. It took the French 25 years to build the town. It has taken 25 years to restore 1/3 of the original settlement. This was truly one of the highlights of our trip.

2:00 pm

Took the bus back to the Visitor's Center

2:10 pm

Left the Fortress of Louisbourg – more fog!

2:40 pm

Checked into the Cambridge Suites Hotel in Sydney, NS and left again at 2:55.

3:20 pm

We arrived at the Low Point Lighthouse. We found this light in disrepair. The keeper's dwellings are now gone. This light was built in 1938. Left at 3:35.

3:45 pm

We stopped at a cemetery down the road to get additional pictures of the Low Point Lighthouse.

4:30 pm

After driving along the Point Edward Highway for a ways, we spotted the modern Sydney Upper Range Light and eventually found the Sydney Front Range Light nestled in the trees on private property. We left at 4:45.

5:15 pm

We spotted Point Aconi Lighthouse from the road and stopped for pictures. It started to rain as we got up to the light. This light is far more impressive from a distance. We left at 5:25.

5:35 pm

Stopped to take pictures of some fishing boats in a nearby bay.

6:00 pm

We arrived back at the Cambridge Suites Hotel in Sydney. This was a very nice place to stay.

6:30 pm

We had dinner at Trio's restaurant in the hotel. We enjoyed a very good meal and had a nice view of Sydney Harbor.

[edit] July 19, 2009, Sunday

7:00 am

We had breakfast at the hotel in the dining room. It's foggy again this morning.

7:45 am

We checked out of the Cambridge Inn and Suites in Sydney.

7:50 am

We had a five-minute stop for gas and another 5 minute stop shortly after.

8:30 am

We saw the McNeil Beach Light that is located near the bridge over the Channel of Bras d'Or Lake. Don walked onto the bridge to take pictures. It's still foggy! We left at 8:35. There was dense fog going up the mountain. We're sure we were missing some beautiful mountain views. Very disappointing. There was nothing to see but fog as we reached a lookout point.

8:45 am

Much to our surprise, we arrived at the English Town Ferry dock. (We didn't even know we would be taking a ferry.) This was the shortest ferry ride ever! One minute and 37 seconds! It should be called "the puddle jumper." We stopped on the other side for Dave to take pictures! Left at 8:55.

9:05 am

We stopped for ten minutes at a restaurant and bakery and purchased some homemade goodies. The fog had lifted and we enjoyed a beautiful drive up a mountain highway with ocean views. We stopped to take pictures several times. The mountain was named Smokey Mountain!

9:55 am

We entered the Cape Breton Highlands National Park. If you want to continue on the road, you must enter the park and pay the toll of $23.40 for the three passengers in the car!

10:10 am

We took pictures from the Smokey Mountain lookout. It is now a beautiful, sunny day and 75 degrees F.

10:15 am

We took pictures from MacKinnon's Cove and Black Brook Cove.

10:20 am

We arrived at Neil's Harbour Lighthouse. Neil's Harbor is a very pretty little fishing village just outside the northeast corner of Cape Breton Highlands National Park. We left at 10:30 and took a long distance picture of the lighthouse from the road.

11:25 am

We arrived in Pleasant Bay for our Whale Watching trip. We had made reservations ahead of time for noon with captain Stan MacKinnon of Fiddlin' Whale Watching. The boat didn't leave the dock until 12:40. We were out on the water for well over an hour in search of the whales. Another boat directed us to an area where "blows" were spotted. We did see some dolphins before we eventually saw the back of a Fin whale for about 5 seconds. As we made our way back to the harbor, we spotted a few pilot whales. We were out on the water for two and a half hours and were disappointed that we didn't see more whale activity. This was a costly and disappointing adverture!

3:10 pm

We returned to the dock and went to the Whale Interpretive Center and got our grandson Hayden a t-shirt and a book about whales. Lots more whales to see in the book than in the ocean today! We left at 3:20.

3:25 pm

We started our climb back up the mountain on the western shore of Cape Breton. We took pictures of the harbor from the mountain lookout above. We stopped several other times for pictures of the beautiful scenery.

4:00 pm

We stopped along the highway to take pictures of Enragée Point Light on Cheticamp Island, built in 1938 and the Caveau Point Rear Range Light, built in 1897. Left at 4:05.

4:10 pm

We stopped for a late lunch/early dinner at a Mr. Chicken along side Cheticamp Bay and ate picnic style at a table outdoors. Left at 4:35. It has turned out to be a nice warm day.

4:55 pm

We stopped along the highway to take pictures of Joe's Scarecrow Village. An interesting site!

5:05 pm

We spotted some towers off the road and discovered the Margaree Harbour Range Lights so we stopped to take some pictures. Left at 5:15.

6:00 pm

Our nice day turned into heavy rain but it stopped in about 15 minutes.

6:45 pm

We stopped just before crossing over the bridge back to the main land to purchase some gifts from the welcome station.

6:55 pm

We crossed the bridge but spotted a little lighthouse. We went back over the bridge to see the Balache Point Rear Range Light. Just then the drawbridge went up. Don took pictures out of the car window. We did a U-turn on the bridge and then stopped on the other side of the river to take more pictures. Left at 7:00.

7:35 pm

We stopped for our second Dairy Queen of the trip! Remember we had a very early dinner or late lunch whichever way you want to look at it! Left at 7:40.

8:30 pm

Arrived at the Pictou Lodge Resort near the town of Pictou in Nova Scotia. This is a beautiful resort and area. We were sorry we didn't arrive here earlier to enjoy this picturesque spot.

[edit] July 20, 2009, Monday

Today is the 13th wedding anniversary of our daughter & son-in-law, Andrea & Duffy.

It was a beautiful morning. We walked around the Pictou Lodge Resort taking pictures and enjoying the beautiful setting of this lodge located on the Northumberland Straight outside the town of Pictou.

8:45 am

We left the resort.

9:05 am

We found the Pictou Range Lights on MacLennan Rd. at a grassy clearing with the rear range on our right and the front on our left. A Coast Guard truck was present and obviously work was being done on the front range light. The bugs were terrible at this spot! We left at 9:15.

9:25 am

We stopped for breakfast at Tim Horton's in the town of Pictou and left at 9:35. We stopped for gas shortly afterwards.

10:25 am

We stopped at the Tatamagouche Post Office to mail post cards. (We only mention this stop as the name of this town was so unusual!)

10:45 am

We found the Wallace Shore Range Light right next to the road on route 6. We stopped briefly for pictures.

11:00 am

The Mullins Point Rear Range Light is no longer in service as there is no lantern. Someone obviously lives here in this former lighthouse. We also took pictures of the Wallace Shore Range light across the bay. We left at 11:05 but stopped to take more pictures of Mullins Point Rear Range from a distance.

11:15 am

We stopped at the Information Center near the town of Pugwash. There was a cute gift shop and we picked up a couple of items. We left at 11:25.

11:40 am

We found the Pugwash Light on stilts along the shore of Fishing Point Rd. Nearby was the Old Pugwash Light. We left at 11:50.

11:55 am

We stopped at the Chatterbox Café in Pugwash for lunch. We had a wonderful lunch in this cute internet café with adjoining gift shop. We left at 12:30 pm. It was a nice warm and sunny day.

1:00 pm

We crossed the Nova Scotia/New Brunswick Province Line.

1:35 pm

We stopped at the information center at the New Brunswick side of the Confederation Bridge. There was a path at the end of the visitor's center parking lot with a bridge-viewing platform. If you take a little-used path to the right, you can see the Cape Jourimain Lighthouse with Cape Tormentine Light in the distance: a great photo opportunity. We had ice cream before crossing the bridge.

2:00 pm

We took the Confederation Bridge to Prince Edward Island. It is 8 miles long. From the bridge we could see the Borden Lighthouses.

2:15 pm

We reached PEI and stopped at the Welcome Center for maps. etc. This time there was a Gaelic Dancer to welcome visitors to PEI.

2:20 pm

We arrived at the Borden-Carleton Marine/Rail Historical Park. The Port Borden Rear Range Light is now part of this park. We could also see the forlorn looking Port Borden Front Range Light across the water. We left at 2:30 and went to the Water Shellfish, Inc. building on the pier and asked if we could go to the rear of the building to take pictures of the Port Borden Pier Light and they gave permission. We left a few minutes later and took pictures of the Front Range Light across the bay. We drove closer but the view wasn't any better. We left the Borden Lights at 2:40.

3:00 pm

We arrived at the Seacow Head Lighthouse. There was an unusual building next to the tower. This light is located on a high cliff and there were some teenage boys jumping off the cliff into the water far below. We left at 3:10.

3:35 pm

We arrived at Indian Head Lighthouse. It's located on a long breakwater. The tide was out and we were able to walk about ½ mile closer to the light. We saw jellyfish in the sand as we walked along. We also took pictures of the Summerside Front Range Light although most of the dwelling was hidden in the trees. Left at 4:00.

4:30 pm

Arrived in the town of Summerside at the Quality Inn and Suites. We checked in and left at 5:05.

5:10 pm

We found the Summerside Rear Range Light, took pictures and left at 5:15.

5:20 pm

We took pictures of the Summerside Outer Front Range Light on MacKenzie Dr. and the Outer Rear Range Light on Water Street. We also took more pictures of Indian Head Lighthouse out in the bay. We left at 5:35.

5:40 pm

We went to Spinnakers Landing and had dinner at the Dock House Pub. There were cute shops along this waterfront area. The town of Summerside has a 6K Baywalk with many interesting attractions with shops and restaurants along the way.

7:15 pm

We returned to the motel. We played cards once again – only the third time on the trip. Diana won!

[edit] July 21, 2009, Tuesday

8:00 am

We had breakfast at the hotel. The meal was not included in our stay, but the breakfast was good and very reasonable. We left at 8:50.

9:00 am

We stopped at the Summerside Outer Front Range Light once again for more pictures with morning sun. We started driving the North Cape Coastal drive clockwise.

9:20 am

We stopped along the highway and took pictures of Eglise Notre-Dame du Mont-Carmel Catholic Church built in 1924. This beautiful church is located next to the sea with a cemetery established in 1923. We left at 9:25.

9:30 am

One of the points of interest from travel information was the Bottle House Garden and Museum in Cap Egmont. We decided to stop and we were glad we did as it was well worth the price of admission. There are over 25,000 recycled bottles cleverly cemented together to create the Bottle Houses. They were built by the late Édouard T. Arsenault. The idea came to him after he received a postcard from his daughter of a bottle house she had seen in British Columbia in 1979. He started collecting bottles from his community, mostly from a local restaurant, community dance halls, friends, relatives and neighbors. In the spring of 1980, at the age of 66, he began his construction of a six-gabled structure. Visitors started coming in and they encouraged him to continue and to advertise it as a tourist attraction. The first Bottle House was open to the public in 1981. From 1980 to 1984, he cemented over 25,000 bottles of various shapes, sizes and colors, into three fantasy-like buildings. The garden area surrounding the buildings is also a special site for visitors. The bottle chapel is available for intimate weddings. This is an environmentally friendly place -one featured in "Ripley's Believe It or Not" and "1000 Places to see Before You Die." There is also a gift shop featuring many quality items. We left at 10:00.

10:05 am

We arrived at the Cape Egmont Lighthouse. This light, built in 1884, sits on a cliff with a radio tower nearby. We left at 10:15 and made a short stop about a half hour later.

11:20 am

We arrived at the West Point Lighthouse constructed in 1875. The uncommon feature of this light from other Canadian lights is the three bold black stripes painted on the tower. It is located near Cedar Dunes Provincial Park. There is a museum and you can also climb the tower. Inside the old keeper's dwelling is a restaurant and this is the only lighthouse in Canada where you can stay overnight. We purchased some fudge and gifts in the shop next door to the lighthouse. There were many people on the beach enjoying this beautiful sunny day. We left at 11:55 and drove along the beautiful ocean road, heading north.

12:25 pm

We arrived at the North Cape Lighthouse. This is at the very north-western tip of PEI. There is a very nice information center, a pricey restaurant, a museum and gift shop. There is a natural rock breakwater and we saw lots of people walking out there during low tide. We left at 1:15 and headed southeast.

1:20 pm

We stopped at a harbor to take pictures of lobster traps and boats.

1:40 pm

We stopped at the Fisherman's Haven Park to see the Big Tignish Lighthouse. The park is located at the end of Tignish Shore Rd. The little lighthouse was moved from the wharf of the nearby food packaging plant to the park last September. It has been painted white with red trim. A painter was there to add a wide black band around the middle. The lantern was added just last week. The Ocean Star snack "shack" is also located in the park. Don and I had wonderful "fish burgers" and David a very good hamburger. All reasonably priced. This park is an entrance to a beautiful swimming beach. We left at 2:20.

2:40 pm

We stopped at the North Port Inn parking lot in Allerton and walked onto the boardwalk to get pictures of Cascumpec Lighthouse located on an island of the same name on a sand bar. One of the pictures we had seen showed a red and white skeleton tower next to the lighthouse but it is now gone. Left at 2:45.

2:45 pm

We reached the Northport Rear Range Light located at the community center right next to the road. Took pictures and left at 2:50.

2:55 pm

We drove down Carrol Rd. in Alberton and found the Old Northport Rear Range Light. We parked down near the water's edge and walked along the beach for a better view. We left at 3:10 and stopped at a bank in Alberton to exchange some more currency. $200 USD = $213 CAD.

3:15 pm

We left the bank and drove to a nearby gas station. It's a beautiful sunny day and 78 degrees F.

3:55 pm

We stopped at the Dairy Bar in Richmond for ice cream and left at 4:00.

4:25 pm

Arrived back at the Quality Inn in Summerside.

6:15 pm

We went to a nearby Tim Horton's for dinner and went back to the hotel at 6:45.

7:00 pm

We walked across the street from the hotel to the College of Piping and Celtic Performing Arts of Canada. We saw a wonderful live performance of "Highland Storm - The 'Gael'." There were wonderful performers – bagpipes, highland dancers, Celtic dancers, drummers, a fiddler and a beautiful soloist. This was definitely another highlight of our trip. Not to be missed if you are in Summerside! There were beautiful costumes and the music was wonderful. We returned to the Quality inn at 9:30 pm.

[edit] July 22, 2009, Wednesday

9:00 am

We woke up to rain and it was a little cool. We left the Quality Inn in Summerside and stopped at Mary's Bake Shop in Kensington a few minutes later for cinnamon rolls. We had our "breakfast" in the parking lot and left at 9:25.

9:45 am

We arrived in the village of Malpeque Harbor to see the relocated Fish Island Lighthouse in the Cabot Beach Provincial Park. We found the light near the playground after following the road to the beach. Since it was raining, we took pictures from the car window. We left at 9:50 and went to the harbor to take pictures there.

10:05 am

The Malpaque Outer Rear Range Light is located in a field and again we took pictures from the car window due to the rain.

10:20 am

Since we are now in "Anne of Green Gables country", we stopped at the Museum in Park Corner. We took a tour of the Campbell home that was the home of author Lucy Maud Montgomery's aunt and uncle (Annie & John). Maud, as she preferred to be called, was married in this home in 1911. Many artifacts and treasures o f her life are on display. The Shinning Waters Gift Shop is across the parking lot. Diana had never read the book and purchased one and began reading it on the trip. A delightful story! We left at 10:55. We skipped the Old Cape Town light as it was located down a very narrow muddy road (or path!) and we didn't want to get stuck!

11:15 am

We got a little braver and did head down a 2 rut muddy path to see the Cape Tryon Lighthouse near the edge of the ocean and in a potato field. Don had to back the car up the road, as there was no place to turn around. Again pictures were taken from the car window from a grassy area where he was able to finally turn the car around. We left at 11:20 am.

11:30 am

Arrived at the New London Light. It's a little cottage located in a field. This was another picture from the car window due to the rain. We left 5 minutes later.

11:40 am

We found a wonderful lookout area off the highway to take pictures of the French River area.

12:10 pm

We arrived at North Rustico Harbour Lighthouse in the harbor area.

12:30 pm

We had lunch at the Blue Mussel Café. Very good food and it would be a delightful place to have a meal outside on the deck on a sunny day.

1:35 pm

We left the café and skipped the Covehead Harbor Light in the PEI Provincial Park, as we didn't want to pay the park fee just to have a quick look at the lighthouse. From pictures it looks like many of the other lights we have already seen in Canada.

2:10 pm

We arrived at the Best Western Inn in Charlottetown.

2:30 pm

We walked to the historic area of Charlottetown and stopped for a tour of Province House. We saw a very interesting 17-minute film on the "birth" of Canada in 1867. We found this information very interesting and much different from how the United States declared its independence. While we were in Province House, the sun came out! We walked around more of the historic district and went into a beautiful old church. We shopped at the Best of PEI store and returned to the Best Western at 4:15.

4:35 pm

We left the Best Western and drove to the Irish Monument dedicated to the Irish settlers in PEI. Since Diana's maiden name was Irish, she wanted to see this monument located in the park along the waterfront. We left at 4:45.

5:30 pm

We arrived at the Blockhouse Point Lighthouse. It was sunny, and this was a beautiful spot. Left at 5:45.

5:50 pm

We reached the Fort Amherst Park & Port-la-Joye National Historic Site to see the Warren Cove Range Lights. We followed the grassy paths to view the upper and lower range lights. We could also see the Brighton Beach Range Lights across the bay. It was sunny but not for long, it started to rain and we ran (ok, walked fast!) to the car. We met a young lady, Richelle, and her parents from Alberta. We were delighted to meet this teenager who is very interested in lighthouses. Her dad said they had been visiting lots of them on their trip to PEI so she could get pictures. We left at 6:20.

6:40 pm

We had dinner at Tim Horton's.

7:10 pm

We left and went to a nearby Wal-Mart to get more snacks and from there went to Cows Creamery (advertized as Canada's Best Ice Cream) for dessert.

7:55 pm

We arrived at the Brighton Beach Front Range Light near Victoria Park in Charlottetown and the nearby Rear Range Light, which was a strange looking tall cylinder just off the street on Queen Elizabeth Drive. We left at 8:00 and took pictures of the Warren Cove Range Lights off in the distance across the bay and also the Brighton Beach Front Range from the boardwalk in Victoria Park. We left at 8:15 and arrived back at the Best Western at 8:25.

[edit] July 23, 2009, Thursday

8:30 am

It was a cloudy and cool morning when we left the Best Western.

8:40 am

Some friendly dogs met us while we were trying to locate the Haszard Point Rear Range Light. We left at 8:45 and found the Haszard Point Front Range and a better view of the rear range light. We took pictures from Keppoch Rd. The seaward side of the rear range light is painted all red with a vertical black stripe down the middle. We later discovered that the front range light also has the seaward side painted red with a black stripe. We left at 8:55. We stopped for gas about ½ hour later.

9:40 am

The Point Prim Lighthouse is the oldest on PEI and has been in service since 1846. It is one of the few lighthouses of brick construction in Canada. We climbed the tower (52 steps) for a nice view of the shore. Diana purchased a postcard showing a painting done by Angus Murchison, the lighthouse keeper there from 1920-1955. We left at 10:10.

10:32 am

We reached the Wood Islands Lighthouse and Wood Islands Range Lights. The lighthouse went into operation in 1876. We picked up a brochure from the PEI Lighthouse Society showing 7 of the lighthouses that are open to the public on PEI. As you visit each one, you get the brochure stamped and once you have seen four, you receive a certificate. Nearby was a cute replica of a wooden village. During the previous weekend, a sand sculpture had been created of a beautiful mermaid and it was on display next to the lighthouse. David and Don walked to the breakwater to get pictures of the Range Lights and Diana shopped in the gift shop. We left at 11:16.

11:40 am

We arrived at the Cape Bear Lighthouse. There is a wonderful viewing platform and great place to take pictures. Don and David waited patiently for a man to move off the deck to get their picture. Diana even asked three people if they could wait just a moment when the man went out of view. Just then 3 motorcyclists drove up and parked right in front of the lighthouse. Obviously people who don't take pictures of lighthouse are not concerned that they may be obstructing the view. Some of us feel that motorcycles do not make attractive additions to lighthouse pictures! Don's comment was there are too many "publics" at the Public Open Lighthouses! We left at 11:52.

11:55 am

We took pictures of the Murray Harbour Front Range Light off in the distance. We took pictures of the Murray Harbour Rear Range Light from a dock and then from beside the road, and left at 12:10.

12:35 pm

We tried to eat at a little diner on the dock in the village of Gasperaux, but the cook was by herself and seemed frustrated when we walked in. There were several people ahead of us and we knew it was going to be a long wait, so we decided to keep driving.

12:50 pm

We arrived at Panmure Head Lighthouse, which is located on Panmure Island and was built in 1853. Dave took pictures from the road with horses in the field and then we went closer to see the light. There were lots of people around as this is another "Open to the Public" light. There is a gift shop in the base of the light tower and an admission for a tour and to climb the tower. We left at 1:00.

1:20 pm

We arrived at the Georgetown Range Lights on St. Andrews Street in Georgetown Harbour. The Rear Range Light is a typical Canadian tower, but the front light is a modern cylinder, but we took pictures anyway, since it is in a nice location. We left a couple minutes later.

1:30 pm

We had very good hamburgers at a very reasonable price at The Station Café in the town of Montague. Boat tours are available from the dock. We left at 2:30.

2:50 pm

Don walked through the weeds to get pictures of the Annandale Rear Range Light and the old Front Range Light, which now sits nearby. We left at 3:00.

3:25 pm

We attempted several times to get to spots to take pictures of the Souris East Light from across the bay, but the best pictures were from the dock near the water treatment plant and gravel pit. We could actually drive right up to the lighthouse, as well. We left at 3:45 and made a stop shortly after.

4:15 pm

We made it to the north-eastern point of PEI and reached the East Point Lighthouse. This light is located where the mighty waters of the St. Lawrence meet those of the Northumberland Straight. There was a gift shop and Diana picked up a biography book about Lucy Maud Montgomery. Left at 4:35.

5:00 pm

We reached Shipwreck Point Lighthouse in the village of Shipwreck Point. Naufrage is an alternate name for the port and lighthouse. We left a few minutes later.

5:30 pm

We arrived in the town of St. Peters. There are cute gift shops near the welcome center. We had dinner at Rick's – good food. The restaurant is located on the second floor and we had a nice view of the harbor. We left at 7:00.

7:15 pm

After going down a very narrow, muddy road named Lighthouse Road – we've been on lots of roads with that name this trip - Don walked thru tall weeds to get a good shot of St. Peters Harbour Light from a distance. We left at 7:20 and then stopped for gas.

8:00 pm

We returned to the Best Western in Charlottetown.

[edit] July 24, 2009, Friday

8:05 am

We left the Best Western in Charlottetown, PEI.

8:40 am

We stopped along the highway to take pictures of the Leards Range Lights. We drove into the town of Victoria which was once one of PEI's busiest seaports. There we took pictures of the Front and Rear Range Lights. We left at 8:55. Once back on the highway, we were stopped for 5 minutes for construction. We made a short stop after that.

9:30 am

We crossed the Confederation Bridge from PEI into New Brunswick, reaching NB at 9:40. We were stopped a few minutes later for more construction.

10:20 am

We started driving on Highway 2 and it started raining about 11:45. We had rained on and off all afternoon.

12:10 pm

We had lunch at a McDonald's in Oromocto, New Brunswick and left at 12:40.

1:30 pm

We stopped 15 minutes for ice cream and candy.

2:05 pm

Got in line at US Customs in Houlton, ME. This is where we crossed from Canada back into the United States. Good to be "home." This took only 13 minutes. We were once again back on Eastern Daylight Savings Time.

1:24 pm

We stopped at the Welcome Center in Houlton and left a few minutes later – it was raining. We had several stops in the afternoon as we drove across Maine.

6:40 pm

Maine/New Hampshire State Line

7:00 pm

We had dinner at JC Corner Restaurant in Gorham, NH. We all enjoyed their very good sandwiches. We left at 7:50 pm

8:25 pm

New Hampshire/Vermont State Line

9:00 pm

Three very weary travelers were very happy to reach the Comfort Inn & Suites in St. Johnsbury, VT. We had a very nice room after the last two very disappointing experiences on PEI. We were on the road for 14 hours today and drove 630 miles!

[edit] July 25, 2009, Saturday

8:25 am

It was very cloudy and there was a light drizzle when we got up, but the sun seemed to be breaking through the clouds. We left the Comfort Inn & Suites in St. Johnsbury, VT, one of the very nicest rooms we had the entire trip. There was fog hanging in the mountains and we knew we were missing some very beautiful scenery as we traveled along Route 2.

8:55 am

We stopped to photograph the Martin Covered Bridge right next to the highway and left 10 minutes later.

9:15 am

We stopped at the Bragg Maple Farm Shop and purchased some maple syrup goodies for ourselves and as gifts. This was just a little north of Route 2 on highway 14. We left at 9:40.

9:50 am

We stopped in front of the State Capital Building in Montpellier, VT for pictures.

10:10 am

We arrived at Ben & Jerry's Ice Cream Factory in Waterbury, VT. We took the tour and were disappointed to learn they don't make the ice cream on Saturdays. This place sure has changed since we were here 23 years ago! We bought ice cream, of course, and some gifts. We left at 11:20.

12:40 pm

We stopped for gas in Rutland, VT, which turned out to be the cheapest on the trip and left at 12:50.

12:55 pm

We stopped for lunch at a Wendy's in Rutland. We left at 1:30.

1:50 pm

We crossed the VT/NY state line. It turned out to be a nice warm day, 78 degrees.

2:25 pm

We stopped and purchased cookies and candy and left 10 minutes later. We had a couple more stops in the afternoon.

4:00 pm

We finally reached the NY Thruway. We had a few more stops before getting off the toll road in Rochester, NY.

7:10 pm

Arrived at the Comfort Suites Inn in Rochester, NY and had dinner at a Cracker Barrel Restaurant nearby. We returned to the Inn in the pouring rain at 8:20.

[edit] July 26, 2009, Sunday

8:40 am

We left the Comfort Inn in Rochester, NY. It was sunny and already 71 degrees. We stopped for gas a few minutes later.

9:35 am

We got off the toll road.

10:05 am

We crossed over the Peace Bridge in Buffalo and went right through customs. Now we are back in Ontario, Canada.

10:25 am

We stopped for some snacks.

11:00 am

We experienced some heavy rain around Hamilton and had periods of heavy rain and sunshine all afternoon.

12:00 pm

We had lunch at Wendy's at a rest area along the 401 in Canada and left at 12:45.

2:10 pm

We paid the toll at the Bluewater Bridge in Sarnia. However, once on the bridge we noticed a long back up to get through US customs. We finally got over the bridge at 2:30 and it took another 36 minutes to get through customs. Once again we picked the wrong line.

2:45 pm

We are now back in Michigan and back in the US. One more stop for gas!

4:05 pm

Arrived home. We unpacked the car and David drove home to Ann Arbor. We enjoyed a wonderful trip to Atlantic Canada and glad we could share this time with David.

Trip Totals: 72 Lighthouses (70 new), 4,989 miles, 16 days.


Navigational Options

Return to Expedition Home Page
Return to Lighthouse Home Page
Go to Alphabetical Listing
Go to Geographical Listing

Lighthouses: A Photographic Journey

Conceived and Developed by David S. Carter
Photographs by Donald W. Carter
Text by Diana K. Carter, Donald W. Carter & David S. Carter

Copyright © 1995-2011 David S. Carter, Donald W. Carter, & Diana K. Carter. All rights reserved. Reproduction by any means, physical or electronic, in part or in full, without the express permission of the authors, is strictly prohibited.

This article was last modified on 12/12/2009.

Personal tools